Investigating Effective Factors on Consumers' Receptivity of Foreign Products in Iran and Turkey

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This study aims to examine the direct effect of ethnocentrism and animosity toward accepting South Korean products in Iran and Turkey. The statistical population were above 18 years of age. The data were collected from residents of Iran and Turkey. A total of 773 usable questionnaires were returned. Two questionnaires were provided in two national languages of both countries. To analyze data, structural equation models including confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used. The results showed that besides their mental image of South Korea as the country of origin, Iranian consumers also involve their ethnocentric biases when they purchase Korean products. Thus, for encouraging consumers to buy them, producers should manufacture the products in the host country to gratify consumers' ethnocentricity, while at the same time they keep the original product brand.

Keywords

میرزایی، خلیل (1388)، پژوهش و پژوهشگری و پژوهش‌نامه‌نویسی، انتشارات جامعه‌شناسان.
 
Ahmed, A. and d'Astous, A. (2008), "Antecedents, Moderators and dimensions of country - of – origin evaluations", International Marketing Review, Vol.25, No.1, 75-106
Balabanis, George, Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Rene Dentiste Mueller and T. C. Melewar (2001), "The Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.32, No.1, pp.157-175.
Bilkey, Warren J. and Erik Nes (1982), "Country of Origin Effects on Product Evaluations", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.13, No.1, 89-99.
Bruner, Gorden C.II and Poul J. Hensel (1998), Marketing Scales Handbook: A Compilation of Multi Item Measures Volume II. Chicago, American Marketing Association.
Carter, Larry L. (2009), "Consumer Receptivity of Foreign Product: The Roles of Country of Origin Image, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Animostity", Ph.D Thesis, USA: Old Dominion University.
D' Astous, Alain and Sadrudin A. Ahmad (1999), "The Importance of Country Images in the Formation of Consumer Product Perceptions", International Marketing Review, Vol.10, No.2, 108-125.
De Matos, A., T. Ituassu, and V. Rossi, (2007). "Consumer Attitudes toward Counterfeits: A Review and Extension", J. Consumer Marketing, 24 (1): 36-47.
Erickson G. M.; Johansson, J. K. & Chao, P. (1984), "Image Variables in Multi Attitude Product Evaluations: Country of Origin Effects", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 11, September, 694-699.
Fishbein, Martin and Icek Ajzen (1975), Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, M.A.: Addision-Wesley.
Funk, A. Charles., Arthurs, Jonathan D., Trevino, Len J. and Joirema Jeff (2010), "Consumer Animosity in the Global Value Chain: The Effect of International Production Shifts on Willigness to Purchase Hybrid products", Journal of International Business Studies, No.41, 639-651.
Han, C. Min (1988), "The Role of Consumer Patriotism in the Choice of Domestic Versus Foreign Product", Journal of Advertising Research, June-July, 25-32.
Janda, Swinder and C.P. Rao (1997), "The Effect of Country of Origin Related Stereo Types and Personal Beliefs on Product Evaluation", Psychology & Marketing, Vol.14, No.7, 689-702.
Klein, jill G., Richard E.Ettenson. (1999), "Consumer Animosity and Consumer Ethnocentrism: An Analysis of Unique Antecedents", Journal of International consumer Marketing, Vol.11, No.4, 5-24.
Klein, jill G., Richard E. Ettenson and Marlene D. Morris (1998), "The Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: an Empirical Test on the People’s Republic of China", Journal of Marketing, Vol.62, No.1, 89-100.
Lutz, R.J. (1981), "The Role of Attitude Theory in Marketing", in Perspectives in Consumer Behavior, 3rd Ed. H. H. Kassarjian and T. S. Robertson (Eds). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Scott Foresman, 233-250.
Nebenzahl, Israel D., Eugene D. Jaffe and Jean-claude Usunier (2003), "Personifying Country of Origin Research", Management International Review, No.44, 383-406.
Nijssen Edwin J. and Susan P. Douglas (2004), "Examining The Animosity Model in a Country with a High Level of Foreign Trade", International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol.21, No.1, 23-38.
Orbaiz, Luisa Villanueva and Nicolas Papadopoulos (2003), "Toward a Model of Consumer Receptivity of Foreign and Domestic Products", Journal of International consumer Marketing, Vol.15, No.3, 101-126.
Papadopoulos, Nicolas and Louise A. Heslop (1993), Product Country Image: Impact and Role in International Marketing, New York, NY: International Press.
Parameswaran, Ravi and Mohan R. Pisharodi (2002), "Assimilation Effects in country Image Research", International Marketing Review, Vol.19, No. February/March, 259-278.
Pharr, Julie M. (2005), "Synthesizing Country of Origin Research from the Last Decade: is the Concept Still Salient in an Era of Global Brands? ", Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol.13, No.4, 34-45.
Phau, Ian and Prendergast, Gerard. (2000), "Conceptualizing the Country of Origin of Brand", Journal of Marketing Communications, Vol.6, 159-170.
Riefler, Petra and Diamantopoulos, Adamantios. (2007), "Consumer Animosity; a Literature Review and a Reconsideration of its Measurement", International Marketing Review, Vol.24, No.1, 87-119.
Rose, M., Rose, G and shoham, A. (2009), "The Impact of Consumer Animosity on Attitudes Towards Foreign Goods: A Study of Jewish and Arab Isralis", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol.26, No.5, 339.
Roth, Katharina P. (2006), "The Impact of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Consumer Cosmopolitanism and National Identity on Country Image, Product Image and Consumers' Purchase Intentions", EMAC Doctoral Colloquium, Austria: University of Vienna,
Samiee, Saeed (1994), "Customer Evaluation of Products in a Global Market", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.25, No.3, 579-604.
Shimp, Terence A. and Subhash Sharma (1987), "Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.24, 280-289.
Usunier, Jean-Claude (2006), "Relevance in Business Research: The Case of Country of Origin Research in Marketing", European Management Review, No.3, 60-73.
Yangjin, Yoo (1998), "Country of Origin Effect: A Conceptualization and Test of Alternative Models of Attitudes Toward Foreign Countries and Products", Ph.D. Thesis, USA: University of South Carolina.
  • Receive Date: 14 April 2013
  • Revise Date: 23 December 2015
  • Accept Date: 27 October 2016