Strategic Management Thought

Scenario planning of knowledge management strategies in knowledge-based companies

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Accounting, University of Hormozgan , Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Abstract

The basis of competition in knowledge-based companies is based on knowledge, and the company that can manage this category correctly and choose the right strategy for it will be the final winner of the competition. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to formulate possible scenarios and, as a result, appropriate strategies, by forecasting factors and components affecting knowledge management strategies in knowledge-based companies. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is survey type and exploratory. The statistical population of this research was made up of 97 managers and experts in 46 knowledge-based companies located in Shiraz Chemical Industries Technology Town and which according to the type and stages of the research, 13-person, 6-person and 6-person teams were selected in a judgmental manner. In the first stage, 7 factors of organizational culture strategy, technology strategy, organizational strategy, structure strategy, organizational resources, knowledge management and environment were identified . Then, 20 Component were identified in the form of these factors and by reusing the subject literature. Then, using the Delphi method, the identified components were approved by a team of 13 experts. In the second stage, in order to determine the mutual effects, factors and components were included in 2 separate questionnaires and a team of 6 experts completed them. One of these questionnaires was developed for use in MICMAC analysis and the other for use in Scenario Wizard software. The results of the scenario wizard software presented 4 acceptable (strong) scenarios, among which 3 optimistic, pessimistic and most likely scenarios were analyzed and the results of the corresponding scenarios were presented in 7 factors.

Keywords

Main Subjects

خنیفر، حسین؛ نیکخواه کیارمش، روح اله و کریمیان راوندی، محمد (1396). تحلیل زیرساخت­های شرکت برون­سپار سازه گستر سایپا برای انتخاب استراتژی مدیریت دانش: رویکردی کیفی. مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات. 9 (3). 425-448.
احمدی جشوقانی، عبداله و اسماعیلیان، غلام­رضا (1393). بررسی و ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب استراتژی­های مناسب جهت تدوین استراتژی شرکت­های دانش­بنیان. کنفرانس ملی مدیریت و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات. تهران. 
اکبرپور، محمد (1400). تدوین چارچوب سیستم مدیریت دانش نوآورانه در شرکت­های هلدینگ دانش­بنیان (مطالعه مورد: شرکت­های دانش­بنیان فعال در شهرک فناوری صنایع شیمیایی شیراز). پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد رشته مدیریت. دانشگاه هرمزگان. بندرعباس. ایران.
الهی، شعبان؛ حسن­زاده، علیرضا و خدیور، آمنه (1389). ارائه یک متدولوژی برای ایجاد استراتژی مدیریت دانش مطالعه و بررسی سه سازمان نمونه. مدرس علوم انسانی ـ پژوهش­های مدیریت در ایران. 14 (3). 23-59.
خدیور، آمنه؛ نصری نصرآبادی، شهره و فلاح، الهام (1393). طراحی سیستم خبره فازی جهت انتخاب استراتژی مدیریت دانش. پژوهشنامه پردازش و مدیریت اطلاعات. 30 (1). 91-119.
زالی، نادر (1390). آینده نگاری راهبردی و سیاست­گذاری منطقه­ای با رویکرد سناریونویسی. مطالعات راهبردی. 14 (4). 33-54.
سعیدپور، سعید؛ بهبودی، محمدرضا و احمدی کهنعلی، رضا (1394). آینده‌پژوهی برای راهبرد‌های مدیریت دانش با رویکرد سناریونگاری. فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی. 6 (22). 173-202.
صفایی، ناصر؛ طالقانی­نیا، فرشته و کیامنش، احمد (1396). شناسایی و رتبه­بندی عوامل کلیدی موفقیت مدیریت دانش در شرکت­های دانش­بنیان (مطالعه موردی: پارک علم و فناوری دانشگاه تهران). رشد فناوری. 13 (50). 21-28.
عالم تبریز، اکبر و باقرزاده، آذرمحمد (1387). انتخاب راهبردهای مدیریت دانش با فرآیند تحلیل شبکه. مجله دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه سمنان. 24 (3). 91-108.
قانون حمایت از شرکت‌ها و مؤسسات دانش‌بنیان و تجاری‌سازی نوآوری‌ها و اختراعات (1389). سایت مرکز پژوهش­های مجلس شورای اسلامی. تهران.
https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/ print_version/789035
محمدی، فاطمه (1389). بررسی اثر متغیرهای نوظهور آینده­پژوهی و کارآفرینی بر مؤلفه­های مدیریت استراتژیک دانشگاهی. پنجمین کنفرانس بین­المللی مدیریت استراتژیک. تهران.
مجیبی، تورج و حسین­زاده آبندانسری، سمیه (1392). بررسی رابطه فرهنگ سازمانی با استراتژی مدیریت دانش در شرکت نفت پارس (سهامی عام). فصلنامه پژوهشگر (مدیریت). 29 (1). 12-1.
میرزایی، محسن؛ جوانمرد، حبیب­اله، و حری، محمدصادق (1396). شناسایی الگوی عوامل مرتبط با انتخاب استراتژی مدیریت دانش (مورد مطالعه: سه سازمان صنعتی). پژوهش­های مدیریت راهبردی. 23 (65). 153-183.
نامداریان، لیلا (1397). بررسی نقش برنامه­ریزی استراتژیک در کسب مزیت رقابتی از مدیریت دانش. دومین کنفرانس بین­المللی تحولات نوین در مدیریت، اقتصاد و حسابداری. تهران.
نظافتی، نوید؛ رادفر، رضا و ورعی، فاطمه (1391). استراتژی مدیریت دانش کسب­وکار. فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی. 3 (10). 113-127.
هوشمند، هانیه و افسر، امیر (1391). تعامل استراتژی و رهبری با مدیریت دانش در بانکداری الکترونیکی. فصلنامه مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی. 3 (12). 43-69.
هوشمند، هانیه؛ میرافضل، سمیه و رضایی­نور، جلال (1393). ارائه مدلی برای ارزیابی مدیریت دانش سازمان­های دانش­بنیان مورد کاوی دانشگاه قم. رشد فناوری. 10 (38). 65-77.
Acosta-Prado J.C., Campos, E.B., Longo-Somoza, M., (2014). Technological capability and development of intellectual capital on the new technology- based firms. Cuadernos de Administracion. 27 (48). 11-39.
Agarwal, A., Shankar, R., Tiwari, M.K., (2007). Modeling agility of supply chain. Industrial Marketing Management. 36. 443-445.
Alavi, M. and D. Leidner, (2001). Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues. MIS Quarterly. 25 (6). 95-116
Alexandrov, A.V., Pullicino, P.M., Meslin, E.M., Norris, J.W., (1996). Agreement on disease-specific criteria for do-not-resuscitate orders in acute stroke. Stroke 27. 232–237.
Amer, M., Daim, T.U. & Jetter, A., (2013). A review of scenario planning. Journal of Futures. 46 (1). 23-40.
Assakul, P. F. (2005). Future perspectives for manufacturing: exploring the futures-strategy interface (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge).‏
Bergsjö. Dag, Ćatić. Amer, Stenholm. Daniel (2019). Game-Based Learning of Knowledge Reuse in Engineering Education. Proceedings of the Design Society International Conference on Engineering Design. 1 (1). 509-518. DOI:10.1017/dsi.2019.55.
Berg, D.C.V. & Popescu, L., (2005). An experience in knowledge mapping. Journal of knowledge management. 9 (2). 123-128.
Bierly, P., & Chakrabarti, A. (1996). Generic knowledge strategies in the US pharmaceutical industry. Strategic management journal. 17 (S2). 123-135.
Bolanos, R., Fontela, E., Nenclares, A., Paster, P. (2005). Using interpretive structural modeling in strategic decision-making groups. Management Decision. 43 (6). 877−895.
Bradfield, R., Wright, G., Burt, G., Cairns, G. & Heijden, K. (2005). The origins and evolution of scenario techniques in long range business planning. Journal of Futures. 37 (8). 795-812.
Burns, T, & Stalker, M. (1961). Micro politics: Mechanisms of instructional changes. Administrative Science Quarterly. 6 (3).
Ceptureanu, S.I., (2016). Knowledge Cycles and Knowledge Management. International conference Knowledge-Based Organization. 22 (1). DOI: 10.1515/kbo-2016-0031.
Changiz, V., (2010). Identification and prioritization of critical success factors of knowledge management in Iranian SMEs: Anexperts’ view. African Journal of Business Management. 4 (6).  915-924.
Chen, C, & Huang, J. (2007). How organizational climate & structure affect knowledge management. International Journal of Information Management. 27 (2). 104-118.
Cheng, E. C. K. (2012). Knowledge strategies for enhancing school learning capacity. International Journal of Education Management. 26 (6). 557–592
Choi, B., Poon, S. K. and Davis, J. G. (2008). Effects of knowledge management strategy on organization performance. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science. 36 (2). 235-251.
Choi, B. & Lee, H., (2003). An empirical investigation of KM style and their effect on corporate performance. Information & Management. 40. 403–17.
Coates, J. F. (2000). Scenario planning. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 65 (1). 115-123.
Daft, R.L., (2010). Organization Theory and Design, South-Western Cengage Learning. Tenth Edition. Mason. USA,
Dalkey N and O Helmer (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science. 9 (3). 458–467.
Davenport, E., Cronin, B. (2000). Knowledge Management: Semantic Drift or Conceptual Shift? Journal of Education for Library and Information Science. 41 (4). 296-304.
Denison, D. R, & Mishra, A. K. (1995). Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture & Effectiveness. Organization Science. 6 (2). 204-223.
Dewangan, D. K., Agrawal, R., & Sharma, V. (2015). Enablers for competitiveness of Indian manufacturing sector: an ISM-fuzzy MICMAC analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 189. 416-432.‏
Earl, M.J. (1999). “Opinion: what is a chief knowledge officer?”. Sloan Management Review. 40 (2). 29-38.
Epetimehin F.M., and Ekundayo O. (2011). Organizational knowledge management: survival strategy for Nigeria insurance industry. Journal of Management and Corporate Governance. 3 (1). 53-64.
Ewing, M. C. & West, D. C. (2000). Advertising knowledge management: strategies and implications. International Journal of Advertising. 19 (2). 225-43.
Fontela, E., & Hingel, A. (1993). Scenarios on economic and social cohesion in Europe. Futures. 25 (2). 139-154.
Godet, M. (2000). The art of scenarios and strategic planning: tools and pitfalls. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 65 (1). 3-22.
Gorane, S. J. and Kant, R. (2013). Modelling the SCM Enablers: An Integrated ISMfuzzy MICMAC Approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. 25 (2). 263-286.
Cowan, D., Brunero, S., Joiye, M. (2013). Direct care activities for assistants in nursing in inpatient mental health settings in Australia: A modified Delphi study. Research Article. 22 (1). 53-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2013.11.003
Gray, J. H., & Densten, I. L. (2005). Towards an integrative model of organizational culture and knowledge management. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour. 9 (2). 594-603.‏
Grant, R.M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal. 17 (1). 109–122.
Habibi, Sarafrazi., A, Izadyar, S., (2014). Delphi Technique Theoretical Framework in Qualitative Research. The International Journal of Engineering and Science. 3 (4). 8-13.
Hansen, M., Nohria, N. & Tierney, T. (1999). What’s your strategy for managing knowledge? Harvard Business Review. 77 (2). 106-116.
Hollsopple, C.W, & Joshi, K.D., (2000). An investigation of factors that influence the management of knowledge in organization. Journal of Strategic Information Systems. 9 (2/3). 235-61.
Huang, L.S., Lai, C.P., (2012). An investigation on critical success factors for knowledge management: using structural equation modeling. Journal of Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 40 (1). 24-30.
Huang, Y.C., Huang, S.M., Lin, Q.p. & Tsai, M.L. (2005). Critical factors in adopting a knowledge management system for the pharmaceutical. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 105 (2). 164-183.
Kahn, H., & Wiener, A. J. (1967). Year 2000; a framework for speculation on the next thirty-three years.
Kammani. A., Date, H., Hundewale. N., Safeena. R. (2013). Technology Infrastructure for KM Capability. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering. 5 (1). 183-187.
Keskin, H. (2005). The relationships between explicit and tacit oriented KM strategy, and firm performance. Journal of American Academy of Business. 7 (1). 169-175.
Khatibian, N., Hasangholoipour, T., & Abedi Jafari, H. (2010). Measurement of Knowledge Management Maturity Level Within Organizations. Business Strategy Series. 11 (1). 54-70.
Lee, J. H. & Kim, Y. G. (2001). A stage model of organizational knowledge management: a latent content analysis, Expert system with Applications. 20 (4). 299-311.
Lee, C. S., & Wong, K. Y. (2015). Development and validation of knowledge management performance measurement constructs for small and medium enterprises. Journal of Knowledge Management. 19 (4). 711-734.‏
Linstone, H.A. and Turoff, M. (eds.) (1975) the Delphi Method Techniques and Applications. Massachusetts. Reading: Addison-Wesl. 1-616.
Lioyd, E. A., & Schweizer, V. J. (2014). Objectivity and a comparison of methodological scenario approaches for climate change research. Synthase. 191 (10). 2049-2088.
Li-Su, H., Cheng-Po, L. (2012). An investigation on critical success factors for knowledge management using structural equation modeling. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 40. 24 – 30.
Loughlin, K.G., Moore, L.F. (1979). Using Delphi to achieve congruent objectives and activities in a pediatrics department. J. Med. Educ. 54. 101–106.
Martelli, A. (2001). Scenario building and scenario planning: state of the art and prospects of evolution. Futures Research Quarterly. 17 (2). 57-74.
Meijering, J.V., J.K. Kampen, H. Tobi (2013). Quantifying the development of agreement among experts in Delphi studies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 80 (8). 1607-1614.
Monacko, N. J. (2008). Knowledge management in universities. Journal of Academy of UPM University. 10 (42). 32-41.
Monavvarian, A, Fathi, M.R, Karimi Zarchi, M. & Faghih, A. (2011). Combining ANP with TOPSIS in selecting Knowledge Management Strategies. European Journal of scientific Research. 54 (4). 538-546.
Nadali, A., Eslami Nosratabadi, H. & Pourdarab, S. (2011). ANP-FIS Method for Determining the Knowledge Management Strategy. International Journal of Information and Educating Technology. 1 (2). 107-113.
Nonaka, I., Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese companies create the dynamic so fin novation. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Nouri, R., Moshabaki, A., Raissi, S. & Javadinia, Y. (2013). The influence of the personalization and codification strategies on successful knowledge management. Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 6 (6). 989-996.
Okemwa Ezra Ondari. (2006). Knowledge Management in a Research Organization: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). Libri. 56. 63-72.
Pai, D.C. (2005). Knowledge strategies in Taiwan’s IC design firms. Journal of American Academy of Business. 7 (2). 73–7.
Percin, S. (2010). Use of analytic network process in selecting knowledge management strategies. Management Research Review. 33 (5). 47-452.
Piirainen, K. Kortelanien, S. Elfvengren, K. & Tuominen, M. (2010). A scenario approach for assessing new business concepts. Management Research Review. 33 (6). 635-655.
Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing indusrial and competitors. New York. Free Press.
Pourdarab, S., Eslami Nosratabadi, H. & Nadali, A. (2012). Determining the blend knowledge management strategy by a fuzzy expert system. International Journal of innovation, management and technology. 3 (5). 507-511.
Putnam, J.W., Spiegel, A.N., Bruininks R.H. (1995). Future directions in education and inclusion of students with disabilities: A Delphi investigation. Except. Child. 61. 553–576.
 Ravi, V., & Shankar, R. (2005). Analysis of interactions among the barriers of reverse logistics. Technological Forecasting and Social Changes. 72. 1011−1029.
Rezaiyan, A., Ahmadvand, A.M, and Tulai, R. (2006). Investigating patterns of knowledge management strategy and knowledge strategy in organizations. Human development of the police. 27 (6). 33-64.
Ross, I., & Juwaheer, A. (2003). Service quality and store performance: some evidence from Greece. Managing Service Quality. 15 (1). 24-50.
Schulz, M., and Jobe, L.A. (2001). Condification and tacitness as knowledge management strategy. The Journal of High Technology Management Research. 12 (1). 139-165.
Schweizer, V.J. and O’Neill, B.C. (2014). Systematic construction of global socioeconomic pathways using internally consist element combination. Journal of Climatic change. 122 (3). 431-445.
Schweizer, V.J. and Kriegler, E. (2012). Improving environmental change research with systematic techniques for qualitative scenarios. Environmental Research Letters. 7 (1). 1-14.
Seagle, E. Iverson, M. (2002). Characteristics of the turfgrass industry in 2020: A Delphi study with implications for agricultural education programs. J South. Agric. Educ. Res. 52 1–13.
Siemieniuch, C. E. (2004). A framework for organizational readiness for knowledge management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management. 24 (1). 79-98.
Shafiei Nikabadi. M, Dehghan. M, Farmanian-Arani. M (2015). The Effect of Knowledge Management Strategies on Performance of New Product Development in Knowledge-Based Companies. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 8 (S7). 263-277.
Stewart, J., C. O'Halloran, P. Harrigan, J.A. Spencer, J.R. Barton, S.J. Singleton, (1999). Identifying appropriate tasks for the preregistration year: modified Delphi technique. Br. Med. J. 319. 224–229.
Storey, C., & Kahn, K.B. (2010). The Role of Knowledge Management Strategies and Task Knowledge in Stimulating Service Innovation. Journal of Service Research. 13 (4). 397–410.
Sunassee, N.N. and Sewry, D.A. (2002). A theoretical framework for knowledge management implementation. Proceedings of SAICSIT. 235-45.
Uden, L., Ting, I. H., & Corchado, J. M. (Eds.). (2019). Knowledge Management in Organizations: 14th International Conference, KMO 2019, Zamora, Spain, July 15–18, 2019, Proceedings (Vol. 1027). Springer.‏
Vail, E.F. III (1999). Mapping organizational knowledge. Knowledge Management Review. 8 (May/June). pp. 10-15.
Val Mohammadi, Ch. (2010). Investigation and assessment of Critical success factors of knowledge management implementation in Iranian Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises. Applied Sciences. 10 (19). 2290-2296.
Victor, A. B. Murray, T. & Starr, R. H. (2013). Collaborative scenario modeling in emergency management through cross-impact. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 80. 1756-1774.
Weimer-Jehle, W. (2006). Cross-impact balances: A system-theoretical approach to cross-impact analysis. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. (73). 334-361.
Wong, K. Y. (2005). Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises. Industrial Management and Data Systems. 105 (3). 261-279.
Wu, W.W., (2008), Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP & DEMATEL approach. Expert Systems with Applications. 35. 828-835.
Zack, M.H. (1999). Developing a knowledge strategy. California Management Review. 41 (3). 125-145.
Zack, M., McKeen, J. and Singh, S. (2009). Knowledge management and organizational performance: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Knowledge Management. 13 (6). 392-409. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270910997088
Strategic Management Thought
Volume 16, Issue 3 - Serial Number 33
September 2022
Pages 151-190
  • Receive Date: 06 November 2022
  • Revise Date: 28 December 2022
  • Accept Date: 16 January 2023